What aspect does not contribute to effective crowd management?

Player endorsements do not contribute to effective crowd management because they are primarily related to marketing and promotion rather than the operational aspects that ensure the safety and control of spectators at an event. Effective crowd management focuses on maintaining a safe and organized environment, which involves planning for emergencies, controlling access to the venue, and ensuring clear communication among staff and attendees. These components work together to manage crowd flow, prevent overcrowding, and respond to emergencies. In contrast, player endorsements may enhance a venue's appeal or draw in crowds, but they do not directly influence how those crowds are managed once they are present at the facility.