Which method is focused on reducing physical and environmental factors related to crime?

The method that is focused on reducing physical and environmental factors related to crime is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). This approach involves designing and managing the physical environment in a way that deters criminal behavior by increasing the perceived risks for potential offenders. CPTED leverages features such as natural surveillance, access control, territorial reinforcement, and maintenance to create spaces that are less conducive to crime.

For instance, through strategies like improving visibility in public areas or ensuring that landscaping does not create hiding places, CPTED makes it harder for crimes to occur unnoticed. Additionally, it fosters a sense of ownership and community pride, as well-designed environments can encourage legitimate use and monitoring by residents and users, further enhancing safety.

While security training, lighting enhancement, and community outreach are all important components in maintaining safety, they do not specifically focus on altering the physical aspects of environments to reduce crime risk as CPTED does. Security training primarily builds personnel skills, lighting enhancement is a tool that can be part of CPTED but does not encompass the entire methodology, and community outreach often emphasizes building relationships and awareness rather than environmental design. Therefore, CPTED stands out as the most comprehensive method related to the question of reducing crime through environmental factors.